Just Walk on By A Black Man Ponders His Power to Alter Public Space by Brent Staples Free Essay Example, 1000 words

In examining the way Brent Staples sequences his point of view narrative to impact the reader his use of personal stories is an important element. Staples presents a number of personal stories in a sequence allowing one to build on the next in an effort to build an argument that has a powerful effect on the reader. In these regards, Staples presents a number of instances where he encounters individuals alone on a city street who fear him because of his race. These stories are augmented with anecdotes from Staples' life. Two of the most powerful of these are those when Staples discusses instances where he faces extreme oppression and prejudice entering a jewelry store and later when attempting to speak with his editor. These stories are powerfully impactful as they attest to the extremity of the social stigma that has been placed upon him. In many regards, his examples are representative of real-world experience, as it would be na ve to not think that women walking down a street at n ight alone might fear a lone black man. While these personal stories demonstrate the extreme reactions society has to him and his acquaintance, in some instances it's clear that they are made to sound sensational just for increased reader reaction. We will write a custom essay sample on Just Walk on By: A Black Man Ponders His Power to Alter Public Space by Brent Staples or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Perhaps that is the conclusion to be drawn; namely that the experience of otherness is all pervasive and oppressive in this individual s daily life. Ultimately, Staples sequences these personal stories in this way to allow one to build on to the next to build evidence that makes a believable and impactful argument.

Oedipus The King Is A Good Example Of Fate - 964 Words

Some believe that their lives and the events that take place within it are left up to fate, while others strive to make their own destinies. Fate is defined as events that develop in a manner that is out of one’s own control. Events that some believe would have occurred regardless of ones efforts. While free will is defined as the power to shape one’s own future through ones actions. The complete disregard of fate and supposed predetermined events. The tale of Sophocles, Oedipus The King is a good example of fate in action. Oedipus’s misfortune followed him relentlessly wherever he went, regardless of his choices. While the tale of Hamlet shows Hamlet making conscious decisions that effected his life in powerful ways that could have been avoided had he made other decisions. Oedipus’s tragic misfortune was pre-determined in a prophecy. As de Boer states, the first oracle of Phoebus prophesized that Oedipus â€Å"[†¦] was doomed to kill his father and marry his mother--hence his expulsion from Thebes as a newborn baby† (de Boer). Oedipus unknowingly murders his real father. â€Å"Fleeing his foster parents in order to prevent that from happening, he unknowingly meets his real father on the road and kills him† (de Boer). Even as he makes an attempt to put distance between himself and his thought to be father, by travelling to Thebes so, should the prophecy come true he could avoid murder him. Still he arrived in his true father’s country and murders him without knowing. Making his effortsShow MoreRelatedOedipus, an Ironic Tragic Hero1034 Words   |  5 PagesOedipus, an Ironic Tragic Hero Much of the tragedy of the play comes from the irony involved in fate Oedipus’s life. Being a tragic hero Oedipus is on a quest for truth, during his quest he realizes that if he continues on his quest for truth he will cause himself great harm yet he continues his pursuit for truth. The audience is seized by the ironic nature of this play, and the tragic nature of Oedipus’s life. Oedipus is lines up against fate and takes steps to try not to fulfill the prophecyRead MoreOedipus the King Essay1611 Words   |  7 PagesHow Fate and Oedipus’s own essential nature combine to make him a tragic hero? â€Å"Oedipus the King† by Sophocles is a very good play which talks about a guy who was fated to kill his father and married his mother. Aristotle defines â€Å"tragic hero as a person of great stature and virtue who becomes aware of a mortal defect within himself.† This defect leads to great tragedy. Oedipus’s own essential nature makes him a tragic hero because his ignorance (lack of knowledge) led him to his own destructionRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Oedipus The King1025 Words   |  5 PagesCritical Analysis: Oedipus the King Oedipus the King is a tragic play showing a shift from the belief of fate to freedom of choice. Therefore, Oedipus the king is a great example of those who run from fate ends up fulfilling their fate After reading this type of tragic play â€Å"Oedipus the King† written by Sophocles you can see that the author did a very outstanding form of presenting a tragedy that has the characteristics of mimesis and a tragic hero. Specifically, the writer written the playRead MoreOedipus The King, A Tragic Hero Story Of Fate1495 Words   |  6 Pages OEDIPUS THE KING, A TRAGIC HERO STORY OF FATE Pamela A. Long L26269572 ENGL 102 Professor Givens March 2, 2015 Turabian Sophocles is one of the great ancient Greek tragedians in the history of drama. In the play â€Å"Oedipus the King,† Oedipus is an excellent example of fate happening to a tragic hero. In addition, this play has all the elements of tragedy; human weakness, powerless, suffering, and one not having control of his own destiny. As a result, â€Å"Oedipus the King† is theRead MoreOedipus the King Essay1127 Words   |  5 Pages Oedipus the king written by sophecles when read for the first time the reader will realize that the audience already knows what is going to happen its just the way that the characters deal will with it. There is an oracle that says that Oedipus will kill his father and marry his mother. Sophecles examines the relationship between fate and free will. Fate being what some say is an excuse. For example if I said that I could not do what I wanted to do I could say it was fate, which is junk. What isRead MoreAn Analysis of Fate vs. Free Will in the Theban Plays1392 Words   |  6 PagesAn Analysis of Fate vs. Free Will in the Theban Plays When Teiresias asks in Antigone (line 1051), What prize outweighs the priceless worth of prudence? he strikes (as usual) to the heart of the matter in Sophocles Theban Plays. Sophocles dramatizes the struggle between fate and free will, in one sense, but in another sense the drama might be better understood as the struggle between the will of the goods (which it is prudent to follow, according to Teiresias) and mans will (which is oftenRead MoreWas Oedipus Responsible For His Own Fate?1384 Words   |  6 Pages Was Oedipus responsible for his own fate? Oedipus, the King Harmanjot Singh Parmar, 578087686 Vancouver Island University Author note This paper was prepared for Liberal studies, Section 250, taught by Mark Blackell Oedipus-the king is a true Greek novel in all sense. It is a tragedy at heart and explores variousRead MoreOedipus Essay734 Words   |  3 PagesThis analysis of Oedipus’s character shows how Oedipus, the protagonist and the antagonist against himself, dealt with unfortunate situations which sealed his fate. Oedipus was a strange round character that was really interesting and mysterious. Oedipus’s life was a good example of a true Greek tragedy; he worked himself up to be a great king and ultimately in the end he died with only his perception on life. Oedipus was once a man of power who falls impoverished. He goes from having much respectRead More Destiny, Free Will and Choice - The Power of Fate in Oedipus the King1071 Words   |  5 PagesThe Power of Fate in Oedipus the King The concept of fate has existed since the time of the ancient Greeks. The Greeks believed very strongly in fate, which can be defined as either a power beyond human control that determines events, or the outcome or end. In Oedipus Rex, King Oedipus lives and dies by fate. Fate influences the entire plot, thereby allowing for some interesting developments that may be unpredictable to the audience. In Sophocles Oedipus Rex, fate truly is a huge factorRead MoreUnderstanding Fate in Oedipus Tyrannos1196 Words   |  5 Pagesthe personages. It is the case in the play Oedipus Tyrannos. The play, written by Sophocles, represents the typical Greek view of the world with all the values that the Greeks wanted to show. This play is probably the best example to represent the typical tragic hero, in that case Oedipus. The dominant theme that Sophocles wanted to demonstrate in the play was the concept of fate and how nobody was able to escape it, not even the most prestigious people. Fate was extremely important for the Greeks because

Female Education And A Nations Development Education Essay Free Essays

string(39) " a standardised math trial by about 0\." Female instruction is indispensable for the development of a state. This is chiefly because adult females are involved in all kinds of activities both at a regional degree and at the community degree such as kid bearing and family jobs etc. Hence it is really of import to supply quality instruction to adult females to assist them lend to the development of the state in a meaningful manner. We will write a custom essay sample on Female Education And A Nations Development Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Assorted surveies show that adult females ‘s instruction is really of import in order to better the socio-economic place of their households. It is the inequality in entree to instruction for female pupils that prevents them from obtaining the indispensable instruction necessary for their well being and their household ‘s development. The traditional thought of many societies that adult females are merely supposed to make the family work has contributed mostly to the low degrees of female instruction around the Earth. It is seen nevertheless that the societies that have focused on supplying better instruction to adult females have better indexs of societal public assistance. These societies for illustration have lower infant mortality rate apart from that the issue of lower birthrate rates, besides increased life anticipation, improved nutrition and most significantly better chances for their kids. Other factors such as residential position and parent ‘s concern an d attitude towards female pupils besides plays an of import function in bettering the educational position of female pupils in any society. Parent ‘s degree of instruction besides has a direct impact on their girl ‘s instruction. The nexus between the female parent and girl is the strongest. Poverty, parent ‘s professional position, deficiency of skilled instructors and deficiency of inducements such as scholarships for adult females, want of parental attention and proper educational policies affect the criterion of female instruction. ( I.A. Adetunde, 2008 ) Therefore Women ‘s instruction is a really of import issue. Womans who are educated can do profound picks in the affair of wellness, nutrition and basic upbringing of a kid. There is great impact on infant mortality wellness, birthrate, productiveness and a kid ‘s academic public presentation if adult females are educated. On 8th March 2004 Laura Bush ( the first lady at that clip ) said on the adult females ‘s twenty-four hours that when a adult females is denied instruction â€Å" you ‘ve denied half of the population the opportunity to win and the opportunity to lend to a society and to a civilization. † she besides said that â€Å" Womans are more likely to be able to do informed pick so that their kids do n’t endure from malnutrition or other diseases and guarantee that their kids can have best wellness attention. † In Every civilization, the duty of the upbringing and nourishing of a kid lies in the custodies of the female parent. Due to this duty the adult females ‘s instruction has gained rather an importance globally. Surveies reveal that adult females ‘s instruction has strong deductions on every facet of a kid ‘s upbringing and one of them is the kid ‘s academic public presentation. Children of educated female parents are seen to hold better academic public presentation as compared to kids of less or uneducated female parents. ( Tahir Andrabi, Jishnu Das, Asim Ijaz Khwaja: March 2009 ) Educated female parents can assist their kids throughout their life, but most significantly they can assist their kids in their early yearss of instruction. They try to indulge their kids in more productive educational activities apart from what they study at school. This enhances the kid ‘s educational capablenesss and helps them achieve success. Harmonizing to a survey an extra twelvemonth of station compulsory schooling of a female parent has a positive impact on their kid ‘s academic public presentation i.e. â€Å" female parents who stay in full clip instruction beyond the minimal school go forthing age are more likely to show positive educational attitudes and behaviors such as reading to their kids † . ( Leon Feinstein and Ricardo Sabates: January 2008 ) â€Å" Higher instruction is systematically associated with a higher likeliness of matrimony, whereas less instruction is associated with a higher likeliness of divorce † ( Jennifer March Augustine, 2010 ) . Therefore educated female parents tend to hold more stable relationships and household position. This in bend affects their kids ‘s academic public presentation. Children have a healthy environment to populate in and therefore can concentrate more on their surveies and execute good. The flow of resources such as clip, money and socio-emotional support etc from the female parent to kids is affected by this relationship position. ( Jennifer March Augustine, 2010 ) . Marital and birthrate forms have been seen to alter over the last few decennaries. Womans who are more educated ( college alumnuss ) have been the least likely to acquire married and have kids historically. Today nevertheless, the state of affairs is altering and this matrimony spread is gnawing The returns to marriage hold changed. College educated adult females marry subsequently, do non see matrimony as a â€Å" fiscal security † , have fewer kids and worsening divorce rates since 1970 ‘s as compared to adult females without college grades. These factors help adult females to hold a better and a healthier household life which in bend helps them in their Childs upbringing. The kids of more educated adult females therefore can concentrate more on their surveies as they have a healthier environment to analyze in and so they perform good ( Adam Isen Feb. 2010 ) . A Mothers instruction influences a kid largely during the kid ‘s early old ages of instruction ( primary instruction ) . Educated female parents make their kids pass more clip in out-of-door activities, reading etc and are concerned about their kid ‘s advancement at school and have outlooks of the kid ‘s future educational accomplishments.This encourages the kid to concentrate more on h is surveies and enhances his capablenesss. ( Leon Feinstein and Ricardo Sabates: January 2008 ) . Furthermore there are significant intergenerational returns to instruction. An extra twelvemonth of a female parent ‘s schooling makes a positive part to the Childs academic public presentation. It increases the Childs public presentation on a standardised math trial by about 0. You read "Female Education And A Nations Development Education Essay" in category "Essay examples"1 of a standard divergence and reduces the incidence of behavioral jobs particularly for kids aged 7-8.There are assorted channels that transmit the consequence of maternal instruction to the kid, including parental investings throughout different phases of a Childs life and household environment. Educated adult females tend to hold a healthier place environment with better and more stable household lives which so contribute to their Childs educational excellence. Maternal instruction besides reduces grade repeat and the incidence of behavioral jobs. Educated female parents fundamentally avoid early childbi rth, are more likely to be married to educated work forces and tend to hold higher incomes. Thus they can lend in several ways to their Childs instruction for illustration through books, affecting them in extracurricular activities or purchasing them a computing machine. This extra investing pays off in the signifier of improved child public presentation in all academic facets of his life. Even if educated female parents work more they do non pretermit their kids as they are cognizant of the negative effects of making so ( Pedro Carneiro, Sep 2007 ) . Besides educated female parents tend to pass more clip with their kids and their kids tend to pass more clip analyzing outside school therefore there is a strong impact of maternal instruction on their kid ‘s trial tonss. ( Tahir Andrabi, Jishnu Das and Asim Ijaz Khwaja, March 2009 ) . Educated female parents bring in more encouragement and ability for their kids to win in life. Children of educated female parents are normally more confident, free from anxiousnesss, ambitious, self reliant and more focussed. It is seen that an addition in female parent ‘s instruction leads to an addition in the pupils ‘ accomplishment at school.Those female parents who stayed on in instruction instead than merely holding the basic primary instruction can assist their kids in a better manner. A direct relationship is seen between a female parent ‘s instruction degree and their kid ‘s academic public presentation. ( Azra Parveen A ; Muhammad Tayyab Alam 2008 ) . Traditionally it has been thought that an addition in investing in adult females ‘s schooling wages off in the signifier of increased schooling of the following coevals. Some writers have a different position nevertheless. Harmonizing to them the positive relationship between mother-child schooling can non wholly be considered true as it is slightly colored upward due to the correlativities between schooling and assortative coupling and heritable â€Å" ability † . The other surveies, they argue have non considered these factors and therefore reason demoing a positive relationship between mother-child schooling and instruction. â€Å" An addition in the schooling of adult females does non hold good effects in footings of the schooling of kids † ( Jere R. Behrman and Mark R. Rosenzweig, 2002 ) . Increases maternal schooling and instruction alternatively makes the female parents concentrate less on their places, household and specifically their kids. It is emphasize d that the clip of the adult females is an indispensable factor in childbirth and therefore adult females should concentrate more on their households and non on instruction. This, they argue will take to a better academic hereafter for their kid. Better schooling of the female parent nevertheless can better a Childs wellness in certain state of affairss. Basically the consequence of puting in adult females ‘s schooling requires attending to the function played by schooling in the labour and matrimony market for adult females. ( Jere R. Behrman and Mark R. Rosenzweig, 2002 ) Literacy position of female parents besides strongly affects the wellness and nutritionary province of their kids therefore literate female parents can take better attention of their kid ‘s wellness and protect them against several diseases. With illiterate female parents nevertheless there are opportunities of kids developing malnutrition particularly kids less than three old ages of age who are scraggy. Malnutrition negatively affects the kid ‘s academic public presentation. An educated female parent takes better attention of their Childs wellness and therefore their kid is more successful throughout his life. Although there is a positive correlativity between a female parent ‘s instruction and their Childs wellness some surveies reveal that there is barely any important consequence of a female parent ‘s instruction on Childs wellness if female parents have got merely primary instruction. Further it has been found that the first three old ages of female pare nt ‘s instruction has no impact on the Childs wellness. The impact is seen after the first three old ages and the consequence is non additive in instruction. After 4 to 6 old ages of instruction, the magnitude of this consequence becomes little but so once more picks up after 1 old ages of instruction. ( Meherun Ahmed May 2009 ) . However, some bookmans do non wholly back up the correlativity that there is a strong causal relationship between maternal instruction and child wellness. Harmonizing to them this nexus has barely been analyzed decently utilizing the most appropriate statistical theoretical accounts. They are utilizing the community-level fixed-effects theoretical accounts and therefore reason â€Å" maternal instruction may be a placeholder for the socioeconomic position of the family every bit good as for features of the community of abode † . Therefore harmonizing to them there is a possibility that the positive relationship between maternal instruction and child wellness may be untrue. By commanding for a few socioeconomic variables the maternal education/child wellness nexus is seen to be weak. Three markers of kid wellness viz. infant mortality, immunisation position and kids ‘s height-for-age have been examined. Maternal instruction has a important impact on height-for-age and inf ant mortality in merely a few states around the universe. However on the other manus maternal instruction has a strong positive consequence on kids ‘s immunisation position in about half of the states of the universe even after implementing the community and single degree controls. ( SONALDE DESAI AND SOUMYA ALVA, 1998 ) Harmonizing to another survey, educated parents tend to hold educated kids. The writer focused on analyzing whether the intergenerational transmittal of human capital is more behavioral ( raising ) or innate ( nature ) . The information collected helped in dividing familial from environmental parental influences. Consequences of the analysis emphasised that the raising constituent is more of import for both parents ( female parent and male parent ) .The instruction of the most educated female grownup in a family has a strong positive consequence on the schooling of the kids in that family. This holds true for a Childs biological parents and for the parents of an adopted kid. It can be said that the more the female parent is educated, the better the Childs academic public presentation. When male childs and misss are analysed individually it is seen that if the raising constituent is isolated, the male parents education affairs more for male childs whereas a female parents instruction affairs more for misss. The positive effects of the instruction of the adoptive parents are merely seen for kids related to the caput of their new families ( Damien de Walque, 2005 ) . Research Undertaking Literature Review By Asna Shahid Section G 07U0469 Submitted to Anam Tahir Lahore School of Economics How to cite Female Education And A Nations Development Education Essay, Essay examples

Generational Accounting Theory and Application

Question: Discuss about the Generational Accounting for Theory and Application. Answer: Introduction The current study elucidates various factors that can drive the culture of the organization, systems, procedures that can help in controlling and directing diverse operations of a business entity with special reference to the functions of Qantas Airways. Qantas Airways is a flag carrier airline that operates in Australia and is the largest airline in terms of size of the fleet, international flights as well as international destinations. The company Qantas Airways has the fleet size of 131 and operates across 85 destinations. The company Qantas Airways has a total share of approximately 65% of the domestic Australian market and carries around 14.9% of total passengers travelling both in and out of Australia (Qantas.com.au 2016). Furthermore, the present study also evaluates different governance framework that refers to the assessment of the adherence to different rules and regulation, examination of the General Purpose Financial Reports for different users of financial declarations of Qantas Airways. Moreover, the present study also identifies different issues that can be related to the framework of the remuneration along with the internal and external controls of the organization. In addition to this, the current report also elucidates in detail the notions of prudence and adherence to the conceptual structure for the financial reporting (Qantas.com.au 2016). Factors that drive the culture of Qantas Airways Corporate Governance: As rightly put forward by Edwards (2013), the corporate governance indicates the particular approach that the board of a corporation adopts for the purpose of enhancement of the value of the shareholders. This corporate governance can ensure the generation, protection and at the same time building up the funds provided by the shareholders. As per the corporate governance statement declared by the company, the management of Qantas Airways upholds higher levels of corporate ethics Rahman (2013). The board of Qantas Airways consists of widely held Independent Non-Executive Directors along with the Executive Director that can provide suitable balance of competence, knowledge, independence as well as diversity to facilitate the Board in effectually discharge the tasks. The Board of Qantas Airways essentially lays a strong foundation for management as well as oversight. The Board of the company Qantas follows a charter and is accountable for the establishing, evaluating the strategic direc tion and monitoring the process of implementation of the strategy in the company Qantas Airways (Qantas.com.au 2016). The CEO of the organization is responsible for daily management of the overall Qantas group and the company secretary is answerable directly to the Board and the Chairperson on matters related to the appropriate functioning of the company. The board of Qantas Airways is also properly structured and divided into four different committees (Audit committee, Nominations committee, Remuneration Committee and the Safety, Environment, Environment and security committee) to enhance the value of the shareholders of the organization. Furthermore, the Board has also established a suitable corporate governance structure that consists of the Non-Negotiable Business Principles as well as Group polices and helps the management in promoting the ethical and responsible process of decision-making (Qantas.com.au 2016). The board safeguards the integrity of corporate financial reporting by keeping track of the independence of the external auditor of the firm (Miller and Power 2013). There are also policies in place that can restrain different types of non-audit services. In addition to this, the Board conforms with the Groups Continuous Disclosure Policy and presents timely and at the same time balanced disclosures and ensures that the shares of the company is traded in an orderly as well as informed market. The company has a Shareholder Communication Policy that effectively promotes effectual two way process of communication with the respective shareholders of the business entity and the wider community of the financiers. The boards can hereby respect the rights of particular shareholders of the organization (Kang and Gray 2013). In addition to this, the Board of the organization Qantas Airways also identifies and manages the risk of the firm to uphold the achievement of the firm and to accomplish the different corporate governance requirements. Again, as per the remuneration report of the firm, the board also remunerates fairly and responsibly. Issues with the remuneration rate The directors of the company Qantas Airways are accountable for preparation as well as presentation of the Remuneration Report. The remuneration report conforms to the principles prescribed under Section 30A of the Corporation Act 2001 (Qantas.com.au 2016). The remuneration report of the company reflects the fact that the pay for the CEO of the company is directly associated to the performance of the company Qantas Airways and the growth in the prices of the shares of the company. However, the base pay of the CEO of the company has not increased and the person decided to forego around 5% of the base pay. However, the CEO of the corporation has received cash bonus of $1904000 and the award of $952000. The short-term incentive plan is also considered the annual at risk incentive plan for different members of the staff of the Qantas Airways. The annual incentive awards include the bonuses that can be paid to Executive members based on the performance measured against the Short Term Ince ntive Plan as well as non-financial measures. The Board also evaluates the performance of the employee against the scorecard rated at (140%) (Qantas.com.au 2016). The long-term incentive plan for the incentive plan for the executives is also examined against the three-year performance plan. The remuneration report also replicates the strong performance of the organization that strengthens the position the company and helps it to attain the best results even during the period of the Global Financial Crisis. The overall performances of the corporation against the significant metrics support the entire structure of the remuneration (Deegan 2013). In addition to this, the remuneration report also replicates the excellent performance of the employees of the firm and delivered great experience to the consumers (Edwards 2013). The hard work of the employees also helped in the process of transformation of the business. The remuneration structure of the company Qantas Airways reflects the fa ct that the executive remuneration structure that is designed to attract and retain the entire executive team. The company has a remuneration committee that follows the remuneration committee charter and conforms to the Corporate Governance Framework of the ASX Corporate Governance Councils (Qantas.com.au 2016). Analysis of the General Purpose Financial Reports for users to make financial reports Conceptual Framework As rightly put forward by Kang and Gray (2013), the conceptual framework refers to the intentions of and the notions of the general purpose financial reporting. The conceptual framework can be considered as an effective tool that helps the board of an organization in the development of the standards that are essentially based on different consistent concepts. Again, the conceptual structure also aids the preparers of the general-purpose financial reports to develop effective and at the same time consistent policies of accounting at the time when the standard can permit the choice of the accounting policy (DRURY 2013). In addition to this, the conceptual framework also assists in the process of understanding as well as interpreting the standards. Furthermore, the intention and purpose of the conceptual framework is also to augment the framework of financial reporting by providing a complete, updated and at the same time clear set of notion (Aasb.gov.au. 2016). The financial declarations of the Qantas Airways, conforming to AASB CF helps in dealing with the objective of the financial statements, different qualitative characteristics that in turn determine the effectiveness of the financial reports (Aasb.gov.au. 2016). The different elements form the financial statements include the assets, liabilities as well as equity that in turn describes the financial position of the firm. The framework also provides the structure for the assessment of the performance of the firm from the income, expenses and the profit figure (Aasb.gov.au. 2016). In addition to this, the conceptual framework also provides the criteria for recognition of different items included in the financial declarations of the firm. Analysis of the financial Position The consolidated financial statements of the Qantas Airways are essentially the general purpose financial reports that the company prepares in conformation with the Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) and the Corporation Act. In addition to this, the company also presents the financial declarations in accordance with the International Accounting Standards Board and the International Financial Reporting Standards (Henderson et al. 2015). Assets: As per the financial reports recorded during the year 2015, the total assets of the company are $17530 M. The assets like all other elements of the consolidated financial statements of the Qantas Airways are presented in terms of the Australian Dollars that happens to be functional currency of the entire Qantas Group (Qantas.com.au 2016). The assets categorised as held for sale are enumerated at lower value of the cost and the fair value after the deduction of the costs of sales (Henderson et al. 2015). However, the net defined asset is enumerated at the fair value of different plan assets after deduction of the present value of the defined benefit obligation. Liabilities: The total liabilities of the company Qantas Airways are recorded to be $14083 M during the year 2015. However, there are certain current as well as non-current interest bearing liabilities that are used for financing the operations of the aircraft (Bonin 2013). As mentioned in the annual report of the company, this particular item of the balance sheet is also presented based on the historical cost and expressed in the functional currency that is the Australian Dollar. Equity: The Total Equity of the Qantas Airways is recorded to be $3447M during the year 2015 as per the annual report of the firm. As mentioned in the annual declaration of the firm, the net defined benefit liability is enumerated at fair value of plan liabilities after deduction of the present value of the defined benefit requirements. Again, the derivatives at fair value by way of the profit and loss are enumerated at the fair value (Uno and Bartelmus 2013). Analysis of the inventory The inventory of the company Qantas Airways increased from $322M during 2015 from $317M as per the financial records of the firm. The increase in the inventory is mainly due to the increase in the engineering expendables, decrease in the consumable stores and the decrease in the work in progress. The incapability to deal with the inventory in the business operations of the Qantas Airways might possibly impair the overall competitive position of the corporation (Qantas.com.au 2016). Analysis of the accounts receivable, provision for bad debt and doubtful debt The receivables of the company Qantas as recorded in the consolidated balance sheet is $959M during the period 2015. The figure for current receivables decreased from $1196M to $959M in 2015 (Qantas.com.au 2016). Again, the figure for the non-current receivables also decreased from the $158M to $134M. The decrease in the accounts receivables can be attributed for the decline in the trade debtors and the sundry debtors. The trade receivables are essentially recognized at the fair value and at the same time calculated at amortised cost by means of the interest method after allowing for the deduction of the allowance for impairment (Ryan et al. 2014). The management of Qantas Airways devised an optimal capital framework by reducing the debt and at the same time increasing the liquidity that led to the improvement of the return on invested capital to 16%. The transformation program of Qantas Airway also helped the corporation in paying off more than $1 billion of the net debt (Qantas.com .au 2016). Analysis of the plant, property and equipment The plant, property and equipment of Qantas Airways are recorded to be $136 M during the year 2015. However, the plant, property and equipment increased from $134M registered during the year 2014. The non-recurring fair value enumeration for the plant, property and equipment categorised as held for sale can again be classified under the fair value hierarchy founded on the inputs to the valuation mechanisms utilized (Yong et al. 2016). Analysis of depreciation methods Depreciation as well as amortisation expenses were lower with $195 million of the reduction resulting from the non-cash impairment to the Qantas International fleet. The depreciation and amortisation was recorded to be $1422 during 2014 and it rose from $1096M (Qantas.com.au 2016). The depreciation method that the company Qantas Airways takes into consideration is the straight-line method that is based on different items of property, plant as well as equipment barring only the freehold land that is not depreciated. The depreciation rates of different owned assets are enumerated to apportion the cost or else the valuation of an asset, after deduction of the approximated residual value over the estimated useful life of the asset of the Qantas Group (Qantas.com.au 2016). Again, the assets are essentially depreciated right from the date of acquisition or else with regard to internally generated assets right from the time the specific asset is totally completed and is available for the ap plication. Treatment of leases The Qantas Group essentially leases the airline under finance leases that has the expiry dates between one and ten years. The analysis of the leases of the Qantas Airways reveals the fact that the finance leases comprises of the purchase alternative that is exercisable at the end of the term of the lease. However, the total finance leases amount to $1498M and the operating lease commitments amount to $2782M. The leases are not presented in the balance sheet of the company Qantas Airways. The annual report also replicates the fact that the capitalised operating lease liability is essentially enumerated at fair value at the date of the commencement of the lease. Again, the lease is recalculated over a specific term of the lease based on a principal and interest that is analogous to a finance lease (Qantas.com.au 2016). Analysis of the process of reporting revenue in the financial reports of Woolworths Limited: The revenue of the firm Qantas Airways is essentially recorded to be $15816M during the year 2015 where the net passenger revenue contributes $13667M and the net freight revenue provides $936M (Qantas.com.au 2016). The Qantas Group diminished the costs, directed towards the development of revenue, and thereafter continued to improve the overall experience for Qantas as well as Jet star consumers. The revenue of the business is calculated based on fair value based on diverse types of consideration for meeting different criteria for recognition. The revenue of the company Qantas Airways can be recognizes as net of returns as well as discounts (Qantas.com.au 2016). Prudence As rightly put forward by Barth (2013), prudence refers to the conservatism notion that again indicates the accounting principles that the accountants need to follow for recording of liabilities and at the same time expenses for the purpose of realization. However, this concept of prudence refers to the also calls for the need of increasing the awareness of the accountants in in adopting strategies as well as approximations on income assets and at the same time overstatement of expenses of the entity. Conceptual Framework The conceptual framework refers to the process of preparation and presentation of the financial statements that can help in the improvement of the financial reporting. The conceptual framework also helps in the process of mapping of the uncertainties (Edwards 2013). The recognition of uncertainties from different corporate helps in exercising prudence. Again, the prudence is also the notion that is inclusive of the degree of caution for exercising over the specific judgements for uncertainty (Barth 2013). Process for updating the conceptual framework The update as well as development of the conceptual framework refers to the removal of the IASB with special orientation to different principles of prudence (Rahman 2013). The process of updating the concept of prudence excludes significant facets of faithful representation (Yong et al. 2016). The updates also refer to the process of updating different references to the conceptual framework that includes proposed amendments to the standards such as the AASB 2, AASB 3, AASB 4, AASB 6, AASB 101, AASB 108, AASB 134 and many others (Aasb.gov.au. 2016). Advantages and disadvantages of on financial reporting The advantages comprises of the reference to prudence in the conceptual structure that brings steadiness in the information and brings the neutrality of different activities (Miller and Power 2013). The prevention for deliberate misstatement also helps in improvement of the financial reporting as per the conceptual framework. However, the disadvantages comprises of biasness that in turn affects the financial performance of the firm in the later period. Conclusion The financiers can evaluate different items of the financial reports of the corporation Qantas Airways. The above study helps in understanding the importance of disclosure policy of the Qantas Airways that fundamentally conforms to the Corporation Act 2001 as well as the Listing Rules of ASX. In addition to this, the constant disclosure strategy of the corporation can thus help in developing the investors confidence towards integrity in addition to the securities. The current study also provides a clear overview regarding conceptual framework and helps in analysis of different elements of the financial statements. Consequently, the investors can investigate the efficiency of the corporation in transferring the inventory of the corporation into sales before making any effective decision. In addition to this, the financiers are also responsive to different investments of the corporation for the plant, property as well as equipment of the corporation. The investments of the company for the plant, property and equipment can at first cause outflow of cash and thereby can assist the corporation in generation of the revenue in the future period. Therefore, the financiers can boost up the overall sentiments of the financiers optimistically. References Aasb.gov.au. (2016).Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) - Home. [online] Available at: https://www.aasb.gov.au [Accessed 23 Aug. 2016]. Barth, M.E., 2013. Measurement in financial reporting: The need for concepts.Accounting Horizons,28(2), pp.331-352. Bonin, H., 2013.Generational accounting: theory and application. Springer Science Business Media. Deegan, C., 2013.Financial accounting theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. DRURY, C.M., 2013.Management and cost accounting. Springer. Edwards, J.R., 2013.A History of Financial Accounting (RLE Accounting)(Vol. 29). Routledge. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K. and Howieson, B., 2015.Issues in financial accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Kang, H. and Gray, S.J., 2013. Segment reporting practices in Australia: Has IFRS 8 made a difference?.Australian Accounting Review,23(3), pp.232-243. Miller, P. and Power, M., 2013. Accounting, organizing, and economizing: Connecting accounting research and organization theory.The Academy of Management Annals,7(1), pp.557-605. Qantas.com.au, (2016) Retrieved 29 August 2016, from https:///www.qantas.com.au Rahman, A.R., 2013.The Australian Accounting Standards Review Board (RLE Accounting): The Establishment of Its Participative Review Process. Routledge. Rankin, M., Stanton, P.A., McGowan, S.C., Ferlauto, K. and Tilling, M., 2012.Contemporary issues in accounting. John Wiley and Sons Australia, Limited. Ryan, C., Mack, J., Tooley, S. and Irvine, H., 2014. Do Notà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Forà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Profits Need Their Own Conceptual Framework?.Financial Accountability Management,30(4), pp.383-402. Uno, K. and Bartelmus, P. eds., 2013.Environmental accounting in theory and practice(Vol. 11). Springer Science Business Media. Yong, K.O., Lim, C.Y. and Tan, P., 2016. Theory and practice of the proposed conceptual framework: Evidence from the field.Advances in Accounting.

Othello Essays (982 words) - Othello, Film, Fiction,

Othello I am not what I am. An essay on Othello, question No 4. I will discuss this quote in relation to Lacan's ideas about language as the symbolic order. My aim is to show how Othello finds his identity threatened by Desdemona's reaction to his tales. In order to explain Lacan's ideas very briefly I will quote from Pam Morris: Literature and Feminism, (Blackwell, 1993) where she discusses the resolution of the Oedipal crisis. For Freud the outcome of the child's fear of castration is its submission to the reality principle and hence its entry into the social order. For Lacan this must coincide with the child's entry into the language system.....Language is thus the Law of the father; a linguistic system within which our social and gender identity is always already structured. (p. 104) Othello's identity in the Venetian society is his role as the Moor. Few people use his real name when talking about him. When speaking the given quote, Othello is telling the Venetians how he won Desdemona's heart by telling her the story of his life, and he now retells it to the Venetians. This tale-telling is a way of employing the linguistic system to reshape for himself a new identity with more positive connotations than the Moor can offer. The Moor is an expression the Venetians connect to other expressions in the linguistic system which all have a negative value. Examples are such expressions as old black ram, a Barbary horse, lascivious, and a devil. The negative overtone of these words will reflect back on Othello. He can't change his origins but he can try to change the connotations of the Moor. He can fill the expression with a new content and thereby give himself an identity he can be more comfortable with. This is what Othello is doing when he is retelling his history. Othello is obviously a good narrator; Desdemona can't get enough of his story. Expressions like seriously incline, with haste and greedy ear show Desdemona's eagerness for his storytelling. And ever..../She'ld come again shows that this has been happening over a period of time without Desdemona growing tired of his tales. The given quote implies that Othello feels he has been too clever for his own benefit. Desdemona's craving for his autobiography is felt as a threat; it may jeopardize his new identity. Othello says that she would: Devour up my discourse. It is in this discourse that his identity exists. If she devours up his discourse, she devours up his identity and leaves him where he started; as the Moor. Desdemona may represent the all-engulfing mother of the pre-Oedipal stage. This is a stage without structure, language or identity, an opposite to the linguistic system, the Law of the father. It is with a greedy ear she devours up my discourse. An ear is sometimes used to symbolize female genitalia and will here emphasize the fact that Othello feels the threat to be feminine. That he, through his discourse, is devoured shows that this feminine threat is all-engulfing. If Othello refuses to accept his old role as the Moor he will either be without an identity or be dragged by his self-fashioned identity back into the pre-Oedipal stage. These options are two sides of the same coin, he will lose himself either way. To give up one's self is the same as suicide. Both death and the pre-Oedipal stage are spheres without language, structure, intention or identity. To give way to the one or the other will have the same result for Othello; he will no longer be a conscious being. To save himself, Othello must get control over this greedy ear. Female sexuality was considered something scary which could best be controlled through marriage. A loose tongue was a sign of loose sexuality. Othello extends this notion to include Desdemona's greedy ear. He marries Desdemona and all is well until Iago implies that Desdemona is unfaithful. Unfaithfulness in a woman will reflect back on her husband. A cuckold is a ridiculous figure in other people's eyes. He must be seriously lacking in person for his wife to run after other men. Othello sees himself in the same situation as before the marriage. Instead of using her ears she is now using her sexuality to destroy the identity he has built up for himself. I

Ancient Summeria essays

Ancient Summeria essays During the time of ancient Egypt there lived many civilizations similar to the Egyptians. One of them being the Sumerians. This civilization lived in Western Asia in a place called Sumer. The people of Sumer had accomplished many things such as writing, a form of religion, and architecture. The type of writing the Sumerians used was called Cuneiform meaning wedged cuneus. Cuneiform, like hieroglyphics was made up of symbols and markings. Unlike the Egyptians though, the Sumerians didnt use papyrus to record their writing because papyrus did not grow in their environment. Instead they used sharp sticks called stylus to make their markings on soft clay, which would then dry. This method had its advantages because the writing would last longer and permanent. Like the Egyptians the Sumerians believed in polytheism, the belief in many gods. These gods resembled humans and like humans, Sumerians believed that the gods at one point suffered from human emotions: love, lust, hatred, anger and regret. They believed that the gods thought their biggest regret was the creation of human life. As a punishment these gods would send floods, which would destroy the Sumerians crops. Since the gods were unpredictable the Sumerians created astrology, which helped them predict what moves the gods, were going to make next. Sumerians did not believe in punishment or reward after death like the Egyptians did they believed that they Would live in a shadowy under world. The Sumerians had structures of worship called ziggurats. Ziggurats resembled Egyptian pyramids but were not used to burry people. A ziggurat where built in layer and on the tope layer there was a shine in which the people of the civilization went to worship the god that they believed in. On these ziggurats there were paintings of stories about the gods themselves. The Sumerians might have been trying to build a bridge between heaven and earth (Eimen and Rober...

Drawing on the literature, critically discuss the positive and Essay

Drawing on the literature, critically discuss the positive and negative factors that may directly or indirectly influence services workers job performance - Essay Example This is because; the potential buyers formulate their own perceptions regarding the organization and its service quality on grounds of its staff efficiency and service performance (Brown, et al., 2002). This research paper aims to critically analyze the positive and negative impacts of service worker’s job performance. It is highly rational to conduct this critical analysis because it aims to estimate the factors that might both directly and indirectly influence the quality of working within a service providing organization. In this era of â€Å"consumerism†, the firms aim to maximize utility of its potential buyers and hence their business revenue. However, it should be noted that customers satisfaction derived from the products or services of an organization considerably depends on the quality of services provided by the employees of the company. Thus, from the analysis and implications of this essay, managerial authorities of different companies can eradicate the pot ential problems faced by them in human resource management and hence improve the quality of their working in long run (Brown, et al., 2002). Economists treat labour resource of an organization as a type of capital. This is because a worker earns money with the help of acquired education, work experience and knowledge. Originally human capital was perceived to be a microeconomic concept but over time its implications are also linked up with the field of macroeconomics. Lucas introduced the â€Å"New Growth Theory† of economics and claimed that human capital productivity and economic growth is directly proportional to each other (Brown, et al., 2002). A rise in the efficiency level of human capital helps to augment economic surplus procured by the profit making firms within a country and finally leads to growth of its national domestic productivity level. Researchers have stated that quality of schooling, educational level of parents, before and on-the-job training significantly influences the

Information System Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Information System Development - Essay Example System developers can create new systems according to the needs of users on request or they can have foresight and anticipate users’ needs then create systems with this in mind (Whetten 2002, p. 45-71,). As systems are created by human beings, they cannot be entirely perfect, but trying to reach perfection and minimizing errors should be priority when creating systems. This is because users tend to move on fast from systems that are prone to failures, errors and mistakes, thus running the reputation of firms creating such systems and wasting time and money. With this in mind, system developers should strive to get as many details as possible about users’ needs in order to create systems in line with their needs, and one that works efficiently to meet these needs and requirements. Development of systems usually follows a systematic set of steps in order to ensure that systems produced work in accordance with the way they were supposed to. Missing any step in the developm ent might lead to errors that could easily be avoided. These steps also make it easy to pinpoint where mistakes have been made, hence it is easy to go back and rectify the errors, rather than tearing down the whole system to find the error. The order of steps in system development begins with a feasibility study to determine if the system is worth creating in the first place or not. After the worthiness of the project has been established, the planning process is next. Planning involves setting goals, timelines and determining all the necessities required in order for the project to be carried out successfully. Planning also involves coming up with a budget, creation of a team that will be in charge of the project, assigning of duties to the various team members, determining the chain of commands and to whom progress of the project will be reported, determining external; players and partners and the parts they will be playing in the project and sorting out other details. Failing to plan on any aspect touching the development of a system will have disastrous effects on the whole project (Blanchard & Fabrycky 2006). Systems analysis is a step that involves looking into the current systems in order to determine what users want that is not in these systems, then going ahead to create systems that give users what they need and require. After this has been determined, the system has to be designed, with the needs of users in mind and other anticipated needs (Caspi et al. 2005). In the designing of the system, several aspects are considered including detailed descriptions of its main features and how they work, screen layouts, business principles, legalities involved and other forms of documentation. This part is where the load of the work lies. After this is the implementation stage. Here, the code that is unique to the system being built is written. Code writing involves various numerical, alphabets and symbols that should not be easy to crack or identify by unauth orized users or authorities. Next is the integration of all the various separate parts of the system, as developed by the different people in the team, in order to make a whole part. The integration step involves the setting up of the system and testing it in order to determine if the end product is as required, to check for errors and potential weak points that might lead to the system not operating. Any errors found are rectified at this stage, and the

Coming to America Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Coming to America - Coursework Example Assimilation though is not so much of a problem with the second or third generations of immigrants as compared to the first generation immigrants because they seem to be all too willing to adapt with gusto the American culture, sometimes to the dismay of their immigrant grandparents. 2. What does it mean to be Americanized? The AudioEnglish.net website describes being Americanized as "an assimilation into American culture† (Americanization, n.d.). 3. Is this something that immigrants should strive for or avoid? I think that immigrants should try to be Americanized but not to the extent of totally abandoning their own cultures. 4. Why? Immigrants should not â€Å"give up† their cultures in exchange of the â€Å"American way† because their â€Å"culture represents their economic and political power in the United States, and, hence, culture becomes a weapon in helping them struggle to attain self-esteem and empowerment† (Park, 1999). However, it is important t o note that in deciding to become an immigrant, one should have already been prepared to yield to the American culture because at some point, it becomes a necessity if one wants to succeed and prosper in the United States. Discussion II 1. How does being an immigrant complicate or enhances the life experience of being an American woman? Being a woman immigrant in America has its advantages and disadvantages.

Impact Of Technology On The Music Industry

Impact Of Technology On The Music Industry Music industry has been most significantly affected by such revolution of technology during the past few decades. The most significant innovation in the music industry has undoubtedly been the digitalization of music. Digital music technology has completely changed the underlying dynamics and economics of the music industry. From time to time, this has been an issue of debate and has seen many legal actions and sanctions (Matsuura, nd). Along with innovations in music technology, the issue of piracy has become the single most challenging and threatening problem in the music industry which has from time to time raised serious concerns and warned of the consequences on the industry. Music piracy can be formally defined as any form of duplication along with distribution of music without the formal permission from the entity holding the copyrights to that particular music. Directly interlinked with music piracy is the role of internet and related phenomenon such as file sharing or peer-to-peer sharing (P2P). Internet growth and innovation are largely to be blamed and held responsible for the crisis in the music industry circles that affects its three major players including recording companies, artists and consumers (Patokos, 2008). Not only the music industry is facing losses but the quality of music is also threatened by piracy. According to Hull (1998), the music industry profits from its three major revenue streams: Purchase of recorded music. Broadcasting recorded music. Industry for attending live performances. Here is the music industry vale chain as described in Meisel and Sullivan. (2002). The Music Industry Value Chain Source: Meisel et al. (2002), p.18. We all know how easy it is to gain access to the authentic and copyrighted music through duplicated CDs and file sharing (without paying any royalty to the owners of music) on internet (Bozina, Dumancic and Knezevic, 2007). Research Purpose The major purpose of carrying out this research is the importance of significant technological developments on the music industry circles and the ways in which issues such as copyright, authenticity, illegal production and distribution of music affect the various participants of the music industry circle. It will bring into focus the particular technological changes over the past two decades and evolution that has come to impact the way music is produced and distributed. It will also help the readers understand the legal implications of the issue. Finally the research will investigate the major problem areas that threaten the music industry, particularly emphasizing on the revolution of MP3 technology and Compact Discs and it will conclude with quantitative and qualitative analysis of the relevant variables that influence the revenues of music industry. Research Questions Is the modern music industry suffering from pervasive effects of internet theft, piracy and flouting of copyright rules? How important it is to critically analyse the legal and technological implications of the MP3 technology on the business of music? Importance of Research The issue of piracy needs the special attention of industry and law experts as we cannot let the phenomenon continue to wreck the music business. The MP3 effect influences the sales of music albums, though the law can spur legal actions in favour of ban the MP3 use but it is not a practical solution. On the one end technology eases and improves the production and distribution of music and on the other it should provide the end listeners easy and cheaper access to high quality authentic music. Brief Literature Review Until the 1990, music business was correctly anticipated but soon after this period, the forces shaping the business began to change. The first ever music cassette was introduced in 1963 by PhilipsÂÂ ©. It became a very popular mode of entertainment exploited by the car makers (Morton, 2004). The year of 1979 revolutionized by SonyÂÂ © which the first hand held music player device. It came to be known as Sony WalkmanÂÂ © (Thomas, 2006). Both Philips and Sony collaboratively brought in the most advanced technology (still remains so with more advanced variants such as DVD and Blu-RayÂÂ © technology) called as Compact Discs (CDs) and the players used to play the media known as CD players. By 1988, the CDs became the most popular technology for distributing music in standardized format which became universally accepted by the music industry and CDs outsold Long Playing record albums (LP) (University of Minnesota, 2008). The technology called Digital Audio Tape (DAT) w as introduced by Sony the next year. It remained the most popular recording technology for professionals during the 1990s (Sony GroupÂÂ ©, 2010). The other leader in musical innovation PhilipsÂÂ © launched Digital Compact Cassette to counter SonysÂÂ © DAT technology. SonyÂÂ © released the Mini Disk (MD) in response to DCC. MD provided with professional high quality recording to the professionals (Sony GroupÂÂ ©, 2010). The music was most dramatically distributed on the CDs and hence their use was most widespread. CDs were used by all of the major recording labels due to persistent decrease in the prices of CDs (Sony GroupÂÂ ©, 2010). The following Table 2.2 presents the change in the prices of CDs in the US music market between 1983 and 2006. Table 2.1. Decline in the prices of CDs from 1983 through 2006. Source: RIAA, 2007 The technology called CD- Recordable (CD-R) was introduced in 1990 and it was the first opportunity for the consumers to successfully duplicate the contents of the music albums without compromising on the quality of music and this allowed for piracy to be practised by consumers and other players such as illegal music uploading sites (OMalley, 1998). In US, 288 million CDs were sold only in one year, 1990 (Amoah, 2005). The role of computing and internet technology proved instrumental in spreading the crisis in the music industry. It was only in 1991 that computers came with the technology that played its users to play and listen to music. This development was attributed to Ad Lib and Creative Labs who introduced the technology of sound cards integrated into personal computers during manufacturing stage (Dixon, 2010). It heightened the interest of consumers to reproduce the authentic contents on CDs, CD-Rs and more advanced recording media such as DVDÂÂ © and Blu-RayÂÂ ©. However the real trouble was the introduction of the technology that made it possible to encode music as digital files on the computers, the most critical one was MPEG3 or MP3 (Motion Picture Experts Group-1 Audio Layer 3). MP3 was introduced on 26 November 1996 (Belis, 2010). MP3 became so critical because it allowed users to create copies of music albums to near perfection. The fact that MP3 files could be stored on computers and handled as any other file stored on it, the exchange of such music files was facilitated with an extreme ease. With MP3 came the MP3 players to play them on standalone basis. Elger Labs was the first one to develop and commercially release the MP3 player known as MPman and was priced at whopping $250 only to store some eight songs. The revolution in MP3 players was brought about by Creative Labs in the year 2001 when it released an MP Player with much higher storage capability of 6 Gigabytes in comparison to MPman. But this was just a phase of development and it saw the launch of the worlds most foremost technology in MP3 players, it was the release of the device called IPOD by Apple (Menta, 2004). In todays time most of the youth carry an MP3 player and IPOD remains the most favourite among all the options available. The problem would not get aggravated if mp3 files were restricted in the hands of individual users but the use of internet provided a platform that allowed sharing of music through online modes. The pioneer of music sharing technology was a website known as Napster (Patokos, 2008). This was a platform for various internet users for sharing of music files stored on the computers hard drives between the users. This is known as peer-to-peer (P2P) sharing of files. Napster assumed profuse growth in P2P sharing market until it was successfully busted down by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in July 2000 with the help of judicial order (Riedel, 2006). The most recent and devastating innovation in the recent years has been the illegal use of a collection of files known as torrents. These torrents are downloadable through applications known as torrent downloader. There are sites such as Pirate Bay and BT Junkie which provide a collection of torrents downloadable by using applications such as Azureus and ÂÂ µtorrent. The torrent era is most destructive because sharing is not confined to sharing of music files. Such sites are now being used for sharing anything from music files, audio books, movies, software and other miscellaneous files. It has almost become a social networking cult among the youth and value of such networks increases as they become larger and more extensive. While the RIAA was successful in cracking down Napsters services, they have been unsuccessful in preventing the expansion of torrent based programs as mentioned ahead in the report. Since the conception of P2P the sale of physical CDs has been steadily declining every year (Powell and Smith-Doerr, 1994). Table 2.3 clearly represents the huge growth in the digital modes of music access and significant declines in the sales of physical music media. The newer and more devastating impact has been inflicted on music industry by applications like torrent downloaders as such networks differ from Napster like technology because they do not rely on a single centralized server but the download is carried out by a user from various servers or seeding points/seeders. Even the law becomes impotent in such situations because no single entity can be blamed for legal action. Manufacturers Unit Shipments and Retail Dollar Value Data Collection The data for the research will be collected from the Consumer Expenditure Survey tables available from the US Bureau of Labour Statistics. It is an extensive database which provides minute details about the buying habits of the US consumers, their income and various household characteristics. It also provides survey micro data for individual consumers demographic and expenditure patterns (CES, 2010). I will also consult a range of websites for the purpose of collecting information and statistics related to the music industry. Music industry websites- The Nielsen Company, www.soundscan.com, Recording industry Association of America, http://www.riaa.com, Sony Music, http://www.sonymusic.co.uk, Universal, http://www.universalrecords.com, Warner Brothers Music, http://www.warnerbros.com/music. Audio technology sites- Diamond, http://www.diamonthrun.com, Microsoft, http://www.microsoft.com, Music Match, http://www.musicmatch.com, Real Networks, http://www.real.com. Internet industry sites- Amazon, http://www.amazon.com, CD Baby, http://www.cdbaby.com, Emusic, http://www.emusic.com, MPEG, http://www.cselt.it/mpeg/, Napster, http://www.napster.com. Broadcast sites- BBC, http://www.bbc.co.uk, Broadcast.com, http://www.broadcast.com, Cyberville Radio, http://www.cyberville.co.uk. Marketing sites- ViralMarketers.com, http://www.viralmarketer.com, Musicpromotion.net, http://www.musicpromotion.net. Another major database that I will gain access to is the comprehensive statistical analysis known as the Shipment Statistics Database available from The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). I will need to contact RIAA through email to inform then regarding them my projects vital features and they will decide whether to permit access to the database. In the event of permission not being granted I will subscribe to it by paying a nominal fee (RIAA, 2010) Methodology This particular research work will focus on utilizing a research model that enables to exploit the benefits of methods such as qualitative analysis through behavioural questionnaire and interviews with the industry experts. Since the research fundamentally proposes that MP3 CDs and internet file sharing technologies impact the sales of original works of music. It is important to keep in mind the argument that such facilities decreased the CDs sales. To effectively deal with this question of importance, I will collect micro-level data from the US Consumer Expenditure Survey (CES) available from the Bureau of Labour Statistics (BLS). It will certainly provide the answer to the debatable question whether file sharing has decreased the CDs sales figures. Similar studies have been carried out by experts such as Liebowitz (2004). I will also examine the connection between ownership of computers by households and figures for expenditures on music. It will help me analyse whether increase in computer ownership increases file sharing by consumers and subsequent decreases CD sales. Thus this study will constitute a blend of qualitative and quantitative methods to answer the mentioned research questions. Is there a solution? The diagram 5.1 below proposes the possible go-ahead for the music industry to survive profitably in the coming future. The first file sharing site, Napster was legally challenged in the court and was finally forced to shut down its illegitimate activity. Source: Bized, (nd).

Naked Essay -- essays research papers

Naked David Sedaris; Little Brown & co. 1997 â€Å" The women’s open† 1. Throughout the essay â€Å" The women’s open† David’s father obsession for golf is shown. The power of his obsession leads him to forget what should be important to him. 2. Sedaris expresses the lack of heart his father shows towards people and even his children when it comes down to golf. For example the first day Lisa ever got her period was out on the golf course while her dad was watching a professional tournament, at first while she complained about her back pains he just simply brushed her off. At the moment he realized the problem he asked a women just as devoted to golf as he to accompany her to the ladies room for a sanitary napkin. He kept David with him so he could run after the thin tees that usually flew 20 feet away from the golfers swing, just so he could keep them for good luck. On another occasion Lisa’s mother had recorded a video of movies that they enjoy watching together. After her mother had passed away Lisa searched everywhere for the video her mother had made for her. She found it in her fathers basement along with all his golf videos. As she began to watch the video memories began to arise until a man bending down on a golf course appeared on the screen. Her father had recorded a golf tournament over her mothers memories. Sedaris succeeded in letting the reader know how obsessed his father was with golf and the pain it put the family through. 3. Sedaris begins with a short passage foreshadowing an event that will occur that day. He begins this way to let the reader know that there is importance behind the story. After his foreshadowing he commences with the story. 4. Sedaris uses descriptive sets of paragraphs followed by dialogue to express what is going on. For example, returning from the tournament they find Lisa lying in the back seat of his Porsche. the first word out of Lisa’s mouth were not too pleasant . â€Å" My father sighed and shook his head in disappointment. This was the same way he reacted to my mother when anger and frustration caused her to forget herself. Lisa was not a daughter now but just another female unable to control her wildly shifting emotions. â€Å" Don’t mind her,† he said wiping a thin coat of pollen of the wind shield. â€Å" She’s just having lady problems.† † 5. I think Sedaris was very effective in his writing. I don’t like g... ...fe to what I believe he wished it was. But when it comes down it, his family has as many money problems as an average family. 3. Beginning his first line of his first essay in his book with a command he would like to give one of his servants is misleading. Sedaris structures his essay in a way that makes the reader believe that he is rich. But he expresses how he was far from being rich. 4. Sedaris language is beyond effective, his sentences are full of considedness and snobby comments. â€Å"When asked most people say my greatest asset is my skin, which glows it really does! I have to tie a sock over my eyes in order to sleep at night. Other’s like my eyes or my perfect ,gleaming teeth my thick head of hair or my imposing stature, but if you want my opinion, I think my most outstanding feature is my ability to accept a compliment.† His conclusion to the story makes up for all the nonsense he had mentioned before. 5. I thought Sedaris’s first essay â€Å"chipped beef† was a hilarious arrangement of considedness and make believe. Although this essay is not arranged with the perverted humor featured in some of his other essays, he had a very effective way in making the readers laugh